Common names include Indian Hemp, Brown Hemp, Madras Hemp, Sunn, Togar.
About
Sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea) is a fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing legume widely cultivated for green manure, soil improvement, fiber production, and forage. Originating in India, it is now grown in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It thrives in various soil types and is valued for its ability to restore soil fertility, prevent erosion, and suppress weeds. Sunhemp is particularly beneficial in crop rotations as it enhances soil organic matter, increases nitrogen availability, and improves soil structure.
This versatile plant is widely used as a cover crop and green manure due to its rapid biomass production and deep root system that improves soil aeration and water infiltration. Sunhemp is also a valuable source of fiber for rope, paper, and textiles. Additionally, its leaves and stems serve as fodder for livestock in some regions, though certain alkaloid-containing varieties require caution in feeding. With its multiple ecological and economic benefits, Sunhemp plays a vital role in sustainable agriculture and regenerative farming practices.
Applications and advantages
Soil Fertility & Nitrogen Fixation
Enriches soil with organic matter and fixes nitrogen (up to 120-140 kg/ha), reducing fertilizer dependency.
Erosion Control
Deep root system binds soil, preventing erosion and improving soil stability.
Green Manure
Enhances soil organic matter and fertility when plowed into the field after multiple cuts.
Cover Crop
Forms a dense canopy when sown thickly, reducing weed growth, need for herbicides and preventing soil erosion.
Carbon Sequestration
Enhances soil carbon content, contributing to long-term soil health and sustainability.
Fiber Production
High-quality fiber used in ropes, paper, and textiles.
Fodder & Forage
Young plants are used as livestock fodder, though older plants may contain alkaloids requiring careful use.
